Citronella essential oil has a long and practical history rooted in traditional herbal practices and natural pest control. It is extracted mainly from the leaves of tropical grasses belonging to the genus Cymbopogon, especially Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus, which are native to regions of South and Southeast Asia, including Sri Lanka and Indonesia. For centuries, local communities used crushed citronella leaves to repel insects, freshen living spaces, and support basic medicinal needs such as relieving minor aches and fevers.

During the 19th century, citronella oil began gaining international attention when it was exported to Europe, where it became popular as a natural insect repellent and fragrance ingredient. Its commercial production expanded significantly with the rise of steam distillation techniques, making it more accessible for use in candles, sprays, and soaps. Over time, citronella oil also found its place in aromatherapy due to its refreshing, lemony scent and perceived calming and cleansing properties.

In modern times, citronella essential oil remains widely valued for its eco-friendly insect-repelling qualities and is commonly used in household products, personal care items, and outdoor repellents.